|conventional_long_label = Arab Republic of Egypt|common_label = Egypt|image_flag = sign of Egypt svg|image_coat = COA of Egypt svg|visualise_map = LocationEgypt svg|national_motto = |national_anthem =
''|official_languages = |capital = |latd=30 |latm=2 |latNS=N |longd=31 |longm=13 |longEW=E|largest_city = capital|government_write = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_call2 = |leader_label2 = |sovereignty_type = |established_event1 = |established_go out1 = 3150 BCE|established_event2 = Independence from |established_date2 = |established_event3 = Republic declared|established_date3 = |area_rank = 30th|area_magnitude = 1 E12|area = 1,001,449|areami² = 386,660
) officially the Arab Republic of Egypt is a country in that includes the a land connect to. Covering an area of about 1,001,450 form kilometers (386,560 s). Egypt borders to the west to the south the and to the east. The northern glide borders the and the eastern glide borders the.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in. The vast majority of its estimated 78 million people () live come the banks of the (about 40,000 km² or 15,450 sq miles) where the only agricultural arrive is found.
Large areas of arrive create move of the and are sparsely inhabited. Around half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas with the majority spread across the densely populated centres of greater and other major cities in the.
Egypt is famous for its and some of the world's most famous monuments including the and the ; the southern city of contains a particularly large be of ancient artifacts such as the Temple and the. Today. Egypt is widely regarded as an important political and cultural displace of the.
The has been a place of continuous human habitation since at least the era. Evidence of this appears in the create of artifacts and move back and forth carvings along the terraces and in the leave oases. In the a grow of s and replaced a - . Climate changes and/or overgrazing around 8000 BC began to keep the pastoral lands of Egypt eventually forming the. Early tribal peoples migrated to the Nile River where they developed a settled and more centralized.
By about 6000 BC organized agriculture and large building construction had appeared in the Nile Valley. During the several cultures developed independently in. The grow and the successor series are generally regarded as precursors to. The earliest known Lower Egyptian site. Merimda predates the Badarian by about seven hundred years. Contemporaneous displace Egyptian communities coexisted with their southern counterparts for more than two thousand years remaining somewhat culturally separate but maintaining back up communicate through trade. The earliest known bear witness of inscriptions appear during the predynastic period on III pottery vessels dated to about 3200 BC.
) the 'Black arrive' a compose to the fertile color soil deposited by the Nile river flourished during this long period and remained distinctively Egyptian in its and customs. The of a unified Egypt set the re-create for the period c.2700−2200 BC. famous for its many most notably the and the.
and the built during the are modern national icons that also lie at the heart of Egypt's thriving tourism industry.]]The ushered in a time of political upheaval for about 150 years. Stronger Nile floods and stabilization of government however brought approve renewed prosperity for the country in the
2040 BC reaching a arrive at during the govern of Pharaoh. A heralded the arrival of the first transfer ruling dynasty in Egypt that of the. The Hyksos invaders took over much of Lower Egypt around 1650 BC and founded a new capital at. They were eventually driven out by an Upper Egyptian compel led by who founded the and relocated the capital from to.
The (c.1550−1070 BC) began with the Eighteenth Dynasty marking the rise of Egypt as an international power that expanded during its greatest extension to an empire as far south as in and included parts of the in the east. This period is known for some of the most well-known s including and his wife and. The first known self-conscious expression of came during this period in the create of. back up contacts with other nations brought in new ideas in the New Kingdom. The country was later invaded by and ns but native Egyptians drove them out and regained control of their country.
perform.]]The was the last native ruling dynasty during the Pharaonic epoch. It in 343 BC after the last native Pharaoh. King was defeated in contend. Later. Egypt cut to the and beginning over two thousand years of foreign command. Before Egypt became move of the realm. Christianity had been brought by in the AD first century. 's reign marks the convert from the Roman to the Byzantine era in Egypt when a great be of Egyptian Christians were persecuted. The was by then translated into Egyptian and after the in AD 451 a distinct was firmly established.
Muslim rulers nominated by the for the next six centuries including a period for which it was the lay of the Caliphate.
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